PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a group of synthetic chemicals. They consist of long carbon chains to which fluorine atoms are bound. This special chemical structure ensures exceptional stability and resistance to environmental influences. PFAS are water, dirt and grease repellent. They are used in many everyday products, such as water-repellent clothing, non-stick coatings and food packaging. They also play an important role in industry, for example in fire retardants, water-repellent coatings and seals, lubricants and as insulating material in electronics and aviation. In medical technology, PFAS are used in implants, catheters and special medical coatings.
However, their durability also has a downside: PFAS are difficult to break down in the environment and can accumulate in water, soil and even in the human body over time. This is why they are also known as ‘forever chemicals’. PFAS are suspected of being harmful to health. The tension between the practical and, in some cases, unique advantages and the potential risks to the environment and health requires in-depth discussion and the development of alternatives. This is because there are currently no viable substitutes in some areas. A complete ban would make important applications impossible.
The regulation of PFAS has gained importance worldwide. The REACH Regulation monitors PFAS in the European Union. Specific compounds such as PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) and PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) are already heavily regulated or banned. Other PFAS are currently being reviewed and a comprehensive restriction of the group is being discussed.
