{"id":12155,"date":"2020-11-02T21:54:46","date_gmt":"2020-11-02T20:54:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iai-dana4.iai.kit.edu\/?page_id=12155"},"modified":"2024-05-17T14:03:31","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T12:03:31","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/materialneutral.info\/en\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"glossary-container \"><input type=\"hidden\" class=\"cmtt-attribute-field\" name=\"glossary_index_style\" value=\"classic-definition\"><div id=\"glossaryList-nav\" class=\"listNav large\" role=\"tablist\"><\/div><ul class=\"glossaryList\" role=\"tablist\" id=\"glossaryList\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTermSet\"><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f6fd8532a825e16b9830f66176590fb3\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Absorption<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin absorptio - engulf. It means to incorporate something into something.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_58e161a085c71727735d5ab35e5db5c4\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Accumulator<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">(also: battery, secondary cell, obsolete: collector) is a storage device for electrical energy, usually based on an electrochemical system, i.e. a rechargeable or secondary cell.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_93be66cbd5f71123f8da06a7a42c7627\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Acute<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Denotes a sudden, rapid, short-term effect (e.g. a fast occurring toxic effect).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_15f45cde6935a0db0d2736f36c1a494e\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ADI<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for Acceptable daily intake, is a measure of the amount of a specific substance (originally applied for a food additive, later also for a residue of a veterinary drug or pesticide) in food or drinking water that can be ingested (orally) on a daily basis over a lifetime without an(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_53da6a5c8d65e0d88966d9fcef5f0e3b\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Adsorption<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin adsorptio, from adsorbere &#x201E;to suck&#x201C;. Refers to the adhesion of a molecule from gases, or liquids to the surface of a solid body.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_7fc5eb40ae9ced824898b7a4ee0502cd\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Adverse effect<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The term &#xB4;adverse&#xB4; means&#xA0; harmful or <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_7fc5eb40ae9ced824898b7a4ee0502cd\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">undesirable effects<\/span> that change metabolism appearance growth development or life span of an organism which results in impairment of functional capacity or impairment of capacity to compensate for additional stress or increase in susceptibility to the(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_dbf22156b479a0b0da3da62a343caafa\"><span itemprop=\"name\">harmful effects<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The term &#xB4;adverse&#xB4; means&#xA0; harmful or undesirable effects that change metabolism appearance growth development or life span of an organism which results in impairment of functional capacity or impairment of capacity to compensate for additional stress or increase in susceptibility to the(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_c29b2f977da6e2bc5081b9e2c5819bc2\"><span itemprop=\"name\">undesirable effects<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The term &#xB4;adverse&#xB4; means&#xA0; harmful or undesirable effects that change metabolism appearance growth development or life span of an organism which results in impairment of functional capacity or impairment of capacity to compensate for additional stress or increase in susceptibility to the(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_e87f9e6f6414cb192e14dd20de3a543c\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Aerosols<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">General term for mixtures of gases (e.g. air) that contain suspended solid or liquid particles (so-called <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_59030aa71a667d802f1435a0f189bffb\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">particulate matter<\/span>), which are approximately 1 nm to 10 &#x3BC;m in diameter. Sea salt <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_e87f9e6f6414cb192e14dd20de3a543c\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aerosols<\/span>, for example, are formed as sea water droplets that are dispersed into the atmosphere by wind(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_74ea848b7926b75d2224b0b75a84377c\"><span itemprop=\"name\">AFM<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">  \t  \t\tShort for <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_74ea848b7926b75d2224b0b75a84377c\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">atomic force microscopy<\/span>. The AFM tip scans the sample line for line. Due to repulsion between needle and sample  a movement of the tip is detected. A three dimensional image can be simulated.  \t  <\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_67d33f00ce8ac8826c31dc528ba27ff9\"><span itemprop=\"name\">atomic force microscopy<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">  \t  \t\tShort for atomic force microscopy. The AFM tip scans the sample line for line. Due to repulsion between needle and sample  a movement of the tip is detected. A three dimensional image can be simulated.  \t  <\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_a97b3032273e3adef4d8c731eae23fe4\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Agglomerates<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Accumulations of weakly bound particles or <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_85a4af35ff6815c52938264a2916c34e\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">aggregates<\/span> or of compounds of these, whose resulting surfaces are similar to the sum of surfaces of the individual components. <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_a97b3032273e3adef4d8c731eae23fe4\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Agglomerates<\/span> are held together by weak forces, for example Van der Waals forces or simple physical hooks. Agglomerates are(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_85a4af35ff6815c52938264a2916c34e\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Aggregates<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Solidly bound or molten particles, whose resulting surface may be much smaller than the sum of the calculated surfaces of the individual components. Aggregates are held together by strong forces such as covalent bonds or forces caused by <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3c7086d02f6140dd3266632e67313323\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sintering<\/span> or complex physical hooking. Aggregates, just(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_52a2da23d7bb9b263aa23827973e9ba9\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Alveoli<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">From Latin alveolus, 'little cavity'. Thin-walled, tiny air sacs, located at the ends of the smallest airways in the lungs (the bronchioles) where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d1e67a48bf41adb2c687fd75c06f40f0\"><span itemprop=\"name\">amorphous<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek amorphos = shapeless. In physics and chemistry, this refers to a substance whose atoms do not form an ordered structure. antonyme to <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_66b0061badd68b0e6801ac52edb57e73\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">crystalline<\/span>.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_8d0d50a4500761a91019f5ad785fa1b5\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Antigene<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Describes a foreign substance that when introduced into the body stimulates the production of an antibody. Many bacteria contain antigens. Toxins, viruses, blood cells or cells from foreign transplants can act as antigens as well.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_87c426e5887593493574da617dde86da\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Antioxidant<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Any substance that prevents or reduces free-oxygen-radicals, which attack other molecules and modify their chemical structure. Antioxidants are commonly used as preservatives in food or cosmetics. Well-known antioxidants include vitamins A, C and E.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_88dde680976db7cf6e4fe2f2bb9d9ff3\"><span itemprop=\"name\">radical scavengers<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Any substance that prevents or reduces free-oxygen-radicals, which attack other molecules and modify their chemical structure. Antioxidants are commonly used as preservatives in food or cosmetics. Well-known antioxidants include vitamins A, C and E.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_ba38aa7ec04ea1032e15924ba354b1a4\"><span itemprop=\"name\">radical scavenger<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Any substance that prevents or reduces free-oxygen-radicals, which attack other molecules and modify their chemical structure. Antioxidants are commonly used as preservatives in food or cosmetics. Well-known antioxidants include vitamins A, C and E.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_8e1030468064752f610469800f1bed28\"><span itemprop=\"name\">antioxidative<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Any substance that prevents or reduces free-oxygen-radicals, which attack other molecules and modify their chemical structure. Antioxidants are commonly used as preservatives in food or cosmetics. Well-known antioxidants include vitamins A, C and E.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_c624f981c474d92a02d1e28fe3d8aa87\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Apoptosis<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Physiological or programmed cell death. In <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_c624f981c474d92a02d1e28fe3d8aa87\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">apoptosis<\/span> only individual cells are affected generally and these react to internal signals (e.g. adjacent cells) or external stress situations. At the beginning of this process the cell nucleus, <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_65d0c0255884d60ed1cdb8bf78cfe4a4\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cytoplasm<\/span> and mitochondria are shrinking; the cell(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_584ebe51661338fac481fb5d602810c9\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Aspiration<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">From lat. aspirare - to breath. Describes in animal experiments the administration of (particle) suspensions in the nasopharynx with a hollow needle. The liquid droplet is injected with some pressure, so that the suspension can pass into the lung. This procedure is related to the <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_b47d6f52204386a685ed07abd6489b4d\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">instillation<\/span>.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3d97721ba2da1b20895f439ce9097dd8\"><span itemprop=\"name\">BET<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3d97721ba2da1b20895f439ce9097dd8\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Brunauer-Emmett-Teller<\/span> method. Analysis method for determining the size of surfaces using gas <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_53da6a5c8d65e0d88966d9fcef5f0e3b\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">adsorption<\/span>.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_fb84ccba4c51aa0a459c42db967c6b20\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Brunauer-Emmett-Teller<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. Analysis method for determining the size of surfaces using gas adsorption.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f5d65f875f120626f32fb29996267183\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Bioaccumulation<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek for bios - life and Latin for accumulare - pile up accumulate; is the accumulation of a substance in an organism by <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f6fd8532a825e16b9830f66176590fb3\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">absorption<\/span> from the surrounding medium (e.g. water in fish) and through food.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_fba488c30425c4ac74ab1a85987bcf09\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Bioaccumulation potential<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">refers to the ability of substances to accumulate in nature and eventually rise up the food chain.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d55e47485a254550aacd9386a808c3da\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Bioavailability<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Refers to the rate and extent to which a substance is absorbed unchanged from the environment or the gastrointestinal tract into the body. The amount taken up does not necessarily correspond to the amount present in food or in the environment of a living organism.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_00fa89b65271af163f43b34368231496\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Biocompatibility<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek for bios - life and compatible; substances having no negative impact on living organisms or tissues  behave neutrally in the body and do not cause allergic or toxic (poisonous) reactions. Particularly relevant for implants (e.g. made of diamond  zirconium dioxide  titanium) that are(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_7027be0db4b5ffc8cb42b9c0618ca8bb\"><span itemprop=\"name\">biocompatible<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek for bios - life and compatible; substances having no negative impact on living organisms or tissues  behave neutrally in the body and do not cause allergic or toxic (poisonous) reactions. Particularly relevant for implants (e.g. made of diamond  zirconium dioxide  titanium) that are(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_584b1021e935a06051cf990141d173cc\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Biomagnification<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek for bios - life and Latin magnificare - increase; is the accumulation of a substance in an organism, only taking the dietary intake into account.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_00599c3ddfc9f5b67b6b9b3553af7082\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Biomarker<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Molecules or structures acting as indicators for environmental stress or disease, for example in medicine or biology. Characteristic biological features that can be objectively measured and indicate a normal biological or pathological process in the body.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_354d252b01aa8bde2811ab89cbd9967a\"><span itemprop=\"name\">bottom-up<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Literal meaning &#x201E;from bottom to top&#x201C;. Production process starting from small units (from atoms, for example in nanotechology).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5d0a5b18d8bbe609a8bfaa1316bda16f\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Buckminsterfullerene<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Or buckyball, these are other terms for the carbon compounds described under fullerenes. They are derived from the name of Buckminster Fuller, the &#x201D;inventor&#x201C; of the fullerene structures.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_aa1dade92d989eb8893ff9f7b9273ed1\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Fullerenes  Fullerene  Buckyball<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Or buckyball, these are other terms for the carbon compounds described under fullerenes. They are derived from the name of Buckminster Fuller, the &#x201D;inventor&#x201C; of the fullerene structures.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_9f24a364022f4e235ab3b1648f8ecdcd\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Carcinogen<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">A substance, an organism or a radiation that causes or promotes cancer.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_a25b58ba973f519d3d6524c8a9389ad4\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Chronic<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Denotes a slowly occurring or long-lasting effect (e.g. toxic effects occurring only after long <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5bd815081aef5477a0b0a38216d0fcaa\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">exposure<\/span> time or a protracted <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_15f3295e0487b3d3caadfbdae8ed0777\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">inflammation<\/span>).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_05ba412982c0fafd35594018ef9724d2\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Clearance<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">In medicine  it is a measurement of the excretion ability of certain organs like the kidneys or the liver. It corresponds to the calculated plasma volume per unit of time [ml\/min]  which was cleared of a particular substance.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_6be21f93a6afc4c0e1ff6f50d8b7b229\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Co-culture<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">describes a complex model system for the simultaneous cultivation of different cell types which mimics the interaction of the cell types in the natural environment (organs, body). A well-known example for this are lung models that consist of lung <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_4883858cf2fe12e8aeb6266342920211\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">epithelial cells<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_2f2a9399a2d71a4eceda86531fffe39f\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">macrophages<\/span>, endothelial(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_2a72ed1f4562dc7cddd1f4c6c92ea549\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Co-cultivation  Coculture<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">describes a complex model system for the simultaneous cultivation of different cell types which mimics the interaction of the cell types in the natural environment (organs, body). A well-known example for this are lung models that consist of lung epithelial cells, macrophages, endothelial(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f26c3746f347b6e4403f41641b3b8f3d\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Coating<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Is a covering that is applied as a thin film to the surface of an object, e.g. nanoparticles. Coatings are applied to improve surface properties of the nanoparticles, such as <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3f02e12ef126d44580357f4433aa03c8\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">solubility<\/span> adhesion, wetability and corrosion resistance and to reduce dissolution of ions. Frequently used coatings in(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_ee4fe7608e78cab5595deba589208d07\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Colloids<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Very small solid particles (typically smaller than 10 <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_4f7397be2d7c1e05b5666922f6512749\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>&micro;m<\/span>) suspended in a solvent. Compared with solids in suspensions, solids in a colloid do not precipitate, i.e. do not sink to the bottom of a vessel. In liquids, <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_ee4fe7608e78cab5595deba589208d07\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">colloids<\/span> are recognized by clouding and\/or the so-called Tyndall effect.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_661976fc8bbb0ba73e5dbb4f5c52d9d1\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Complex&#xA0;compounds<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">are chemical compounds that consist of a central&#xA0;atom&#xA0;or ion, the&#xA0;central atom, and a number of molecules or ions called&#xA0;ligands.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_45d80826a67747ddf09fb37dfefb37ce\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Concentration<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Collective term for measures related to volume, e.g. g\/ml, kg\/l, g\/cm3. Due to their high surface\/volume ratio, for nanoparticles instead of mass-related, surface-related <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_45d80826a67747ddf09fb37dfefb37ce\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">concentration<\/span> ranges, e.g. cm2\/ml is frequently used.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_467909eaa442ab3bb168d523c1c4d79b\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Conductivity<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">also known as electrical <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_467909eaa442ab3bb168d523c1c4d79b\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">conductivity<\/span>, is the ability of a material to conduct electrical current.\nMetals such as copper or silver have high conductivity&#x2014;they conduct electricity very well. Plastic or glass have very low conductivity&#x2014;they conduct electricity very little or not at all.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d407689b420f95d7ac09a79c4080c4c3\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Country risk<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">refers to the potential problems or losses that investors or businesses might face when operating in a specific country. These risks can come from political instability, economic issues, legal uncertainties, or social unrest.\n\nWeighted <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d407689b420f95d7ac09a79c4080c4c3\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">country risk<\/span> is determined by combining the country(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_1e422d9280ea67ad33ada08d77a9065a\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Crystal structure<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Describes the regular arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystal lattice. Different lattice structures of the same material (e.g. titanium dioxide) give nanoparticles different chemical and physical properties (e.g. <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_8cff53b3a623c668f8a0af7f66e9ca09\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">photocatalytic activity<\/span>).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_66b0061badd68b0e6801ac52edb57e73\"><span itemprop=\"name\">crystalline<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Refers to substances where the atoms are regularly arranged in grid structures. Opposite = <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d1e67a48bf41adb2c687fd75c06f40f0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">amorphous<\/span>.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_65d0c0255884d60ed1cdb8bf78cfe4a4\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Cytoplasm<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Is referred to as the entire living content of a cell, which is enclosed to the outside by the cell membrane.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_eaddb20bb3e863026f1eacbba881b717\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Cytosol<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Also intracellular fluid or cytoplasmic matrix; <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_eaddb20bb3e863026f1eacbba881b717\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>cytosol<\/span> is referred to as the liquid components of the cytoplasm of cells. The cytosol consists of water and therein dissolved ions, small molecules and larger water-soluble molecules, such as proteins.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_53969eeb55d73561d535bbcb1399ca20\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Deposition<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">To deposit, marks the deposit of solid, liquid and gaseous particles in the organism.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_c3f530c94d3a5dd7e071480422359993\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Diffusion<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Physical process leading to the mixing of different gaseous, liquid or solid substances theat are in contact with each other.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_61e430815d0fc3e6487ab07f0b1503df\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Dispersion<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">From Latin dispersus - dispersal. In chemistry: mixing of two substances that cannot dissolve each other completely or react with each other completely. In physics: dependence of the propagation of waves on wavelength. Example: Decomposition of white light into light of different colours by a prism.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_0c39f39706f19c268199d3c5743ba160\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Doping<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Materials that are impurified during production with small parts of another material (intentional impurification) are referred to as doped materials. Such traces of other elements can decisively affect the properties of a material, as, for example, is the case with different types of steel. In(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d36a28054105689b80e1a46a42023f27\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Dose<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Term for the amount of a substance, which acts within a specific time or to a specific organism (see also <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5f9006e579778d990ff7b77f3fcbaada\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>LD50<\/span>). In <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_cc620b51ff25781d3b94409bfe1fb7a5\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">toxicity<\/span> testing of nanoparticles, <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d36a28054105689b80e1a46a42023f27\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>dose<\/span> information, such as number of particles\/cell or &micro;g particles\/cm2 surface area are used.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_09b964807aeb912dad5620afcdec5918\"><span itemprop=\"name\">EC50<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for effective concentration, concentration of a substance that causes the half maximal effect of an observed effect.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_4b44a82d4bb30acbee457e3c0bbc9900\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Ecosystem<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">From Greek oik&#xF3;s - house and s&#xFD;stema - the connected one. An <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_4b44a82d4bb30acbee457e3c0bbc9900\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">ecosystem<\/span> describes the association of a habitat (e.g. a forest) with the community of several very different species (plants, animals, microorganisms) living there.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_82bf8eea65ddd88e99e9d61b9b72d03c\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Eco system<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">From Greek oik&#xF3;s - house and s&#xFD;stema - the connected one. An ecosystem describes the association of a habitat (e.g. a forest) with the community of several very different species (plants, animals, microorganisms) living there.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_59f1c0fadfba895ee309b697feecde56\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Electrolyte<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek for electron - amber and lytik&#xF3;s - soluble, a chemical compound that contains mobile ions, which move under the influence of a directional electric field thus generating electrical conductivity of the solution.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_a74c6713fadb34aeb69a3b129cc810cf\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Electron microscopy<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">is a method for representing very small structures. By using an electron beam instead of light significantly better resolution of about 0.1 nm is achieved, so this type of microscopy often used to detect nanoparticles in cells. The two distinctions are <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5d5f11b803aeafb5b36ca8075200b058\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>TEM<\/span> and <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f4ad93860bda6e37751c33f7f03d911c\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>SEM<\/span>.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_dc2112e411e520d3f21c1c1be6310769\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Elemental ratio<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Describes the <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_dc2112e411e520d3f21c1c1be6310769\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">elemental ratio<\/span> for a substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements. For some <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_b9e9395286233f41aea957abe9492004\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nanomaterials<\/span>, this specific ratio can be used to identify the nanomaterials in complex samples like in the environment.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_b65af7a6a540cf427b57904129df49ff\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Emission<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin emittere - to emit. The discharge or <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_b65af7a6a540cf427b57904129df49ff\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">emission<\/span>. For the environment, it generally means the emission of (disturbing) factors into the environment.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_8987e0fa3fa21af0b564521988b3b78c\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Endocytosis<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek for &#xE9;ndon - inside and kytos - a cell, denotes the inclusion of foreign material (microorganisms, particles or solutes) into the cell through invagination and pinching off of portions of the cell membrane with the formation of a vesicle.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_67d11f05fd443003ff57029cc836e895\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Endogenous<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Describes processes originating or being produced within an organism, tissue, or cell.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_8ff9aef4cbfd4a663b3cc17f0b107dcf\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Endosome<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek endo - inside und soma - body, are <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5208de4c2e6d9d9d95b6d0c93f389004\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">vesicles<\/span> of animal and plant cells that are formed during <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_8987e0fa3fa21af0b564521988b3b78c\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">endocytosis<\/span>. They belong to the <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_914d85e4e91ae7486fe0a68b233b5bbc\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">organelles<\/span> of the cell.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5a384a8e5d54e81d8b62e244edcf048d\"><span itemprop=\"name\">endothelial cells<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The tissue which forms a single layer of cells lining various organs and cavities of the body, especially the blood vessels, heart and lymphatic vessels.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3d354e7574b9465534728a36bf3fa6e5\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Enzyme<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek for en - in and z&#xFD;m&#x113; - leaven or yeast. Enzymes are proteins which act as biochemical catalysts by splitting or otherwise changing substances (e.g. sugar). They are involved in the biochemical reaction but are not changed by the reaction.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_726740910805da3d9aa0eb9a670764c6\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Epidemiology<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Derived from the Greek terms epi - upon among; demos - people district; logos - study. 'The study of what is upon the people'. Scientific studies are dealing with the reasons, impacts and extension of health related substances in populations. Epidemiological studies show impacts of toxic(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_4883858cf2fe12e8aeb6266342920211\"><span itemprop=\"name\">epithelial cells<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body's surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5d77a2776803c180bda98eb644d6de44\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ex vivo<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin: 'out of the living', procedures or processes, in which living biological material, in particular cells, tissues or organs taken from a living organism and cultured outside of that. This will allow treatment and analysis of the material under controlled conditions.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_1bcd8d447b9c1ea331c573079fdd5ed5\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Exogenous<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Describes processes having an external cause or origin.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5bd815081aef5477a0b0a38216d0fcaa\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Exposure<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">refers to the contact of humans, animals or the environment with (nano)materials, for example, whereby the amount and duration of exposure are decisive.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_bf274513649bb37f1e95ec610eda1dee\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Fluorescence<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">is the property of a material to emit light of a certain wavelength after it has been irradiated with light of another wavelength (usually of higher energy).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_48d3a5871b679d98ae418778766d3485\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Free Radicals<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Atoms or molecules that contain one or several unpaired electrons and, in that sense, are &#x201E;free&#x201C;. Correspondingly, any free radical has an electron that stands alone. Many <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_48d3a5871b679d98ae418778766d3485\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">free radicals<\/span> are highly reactive, meaning that they have a strong tendency to arrange in pairs and, thus, escape the(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_0c57e8c284e25c388e630614d692ba78\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Frustrated phagocytosis<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Takes place when the process of <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_305e5a214a1dea1f714704c1f127a61c\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">phagocytosis<\/span> is disturbed or prevented because the particles or fibres are too large or too long for uptake by the macrophages. The macrophage &quot;chokes&quot; on such particles and dies. At the same time triggering an inflammatory process that can become <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_a25b58ba973f519d3d6524c8a9389ad4\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>chronic<\/span> and(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_4c4457e2473bd656ca5584b020e3e3d6\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Fullerol<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Denotes the hydroxylated form of fullerene. The specific <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_439563b6b04a646cc54082ee567f43a1\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">surface modification<\/span> with hydroxyl (OH) groups significantly improves the solubility of <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_4c4457e2473bd656ca5584b020e3e3d6\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">fullerol<\/span> in water.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f6aaff0ad1e3badddce0e1b776ed5d6a\"><span itemprop=\"name\">GBD<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Abbreviation for granular biopersistent dust particles, without a known intrinsic toxicity. This includes all dust particles (in the micro- as well as in the <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5b2fd8161c6fc3619afcfb9fcf641fb8\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nanometer<\/span> scale), which 1. can be inhaled, 2. exhibit no <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_be225c81d40b781f9a2e510b3431ffc6\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">systemic<\/span> toxic effects and 3. which are not or only poorly degradable by the(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3df10ed3502a8a132bae3637e586332a\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Genotoxicity<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Genotoxic effects are damages to the genetic material of organisms (DNA). They can lead to mutations or increase the error rate in the doubling of DNA at each cell division. <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3df10ed3502a8a132bae3637e586332a\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Genotoxicity<\/span> is therefore not necessarily associated with <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_b57ee859752329b8579681ba4c8b00d4\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mutagenicity<\/span>.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3d1a9a58be23ab40dece4bd01e02238d\"><span itemprop=\"name\">genotoxic<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Genotoxic effects are damages to the genetic material of organisms (DNA). They can lead to mutations or increase the error rate in the doubling of DNA at each cell division. Genotoxicity is therefore not necessarily associated with mutagenicity.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_e0f4f9ce3dda7d6eddbb3c626d709cc0\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Hardness<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Describes the resistance of a solid material against penetration of another solid body. It is determined by means of scratching (Mohs <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_e0f4f9ce3dda7d6eddbb3c626d709cc0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">hardness<\/span> number in geology) or by indentation methods (materials science) which differ with respect to the indenter and the load regime (Vickers, Rockwell,(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_ada94fb128a143916071aede141efee4\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Mohs hardness  Vickers hardness<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Describes the resistance of a solid material against penetration of another solid body. It is determined by means of scratching (Mohs hardness number in geology) or by indentation methods (materials science) which differ with respect to the indenter and the load regime (Vickers, Rockwell,(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_885aa1b33c26d6b7499c85e04a5181e3\"><span itemprop=\"name\">hemolysis<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">is the rupture or destruction of red blood cells and release of cellular contents (e.g. hemoglobin) into the plasma.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_23a663f61ac25deee4078be9b6ede15f\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Histopathology<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Science concerned with the study of microscopic changes in diseased tissues.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_55f5248a610c5966b625b45ebf3fda9b\"><span itemprop=\"name\">humic acids<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Are natural organic constituents of humus, soil, peat and coal. The group of different acids is formed by partial degradation of remains of dead organisms in the soil.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_23d069ec656ba3bca19a03f9e9755582\"><span itemprop=\"name\">humic substances<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Are natural organic constituents of humus, soil, peat and coal. The group of different acids is formed by partial degradation of remains of dead organisms in the soil.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_1017937ec9447efcd9f4ed318aa42946\"><span itemprop=\"name\">humic substance<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Are natural organic constituents of humus, soil, peat and coal. The group of different acids is formed by partial degradation of remains of dead organisms in the soil.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5fcda5cdcfb7f0dcd50601d53faaa1ed\"><span itemprop=\"name\">hydrophilic<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek hydor - water and philia - love: water-loving. Describing the character of a molecule, a substance, or a surface, which has an affinity to water.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_6a3b569564cccdcb622fcdd9d8b1ea69\"><span itemprop=\"name\">hydrophobic<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek hydros - water and phobos - fear: water repelling. Describing the character of a molecule, a substance, or a surface, which has a low affinity to water.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_487cbbe8a0a1888e5725729a06897dbe\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Hyperthermia<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Is the targeted overheating of tumor tissue (&gt; 40&deg;C), usually by means of electromagnetic waves, in order to kill the surrounding tumor cells.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_47cff456a5a80f70b586bd4c1316c1e8\"><span itemprop=\"name\">hypoallergenic<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">with hardly any allergy-causing substances or hardly any allergens<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_0601ccc82b71021ed9680bb4908ee6e0\"><span itemprop=\"name\">in silico<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin in silicio - in Silicium. Means the simulation of biological and biochemical processes using computer programs.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_fdb8b55a8eca6aa21c3383e316dcdca4\"><span itemprop=\"name\">in vitro<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin vitrum &#x2013; glass, in the test tube, from the referring to reactions outside the organism, sometimes under participation of autologous physiological conditions.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_2cb317d76819b4b18aa07955f03a8942\"><span itemprop=\"name\">in vivo<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">From the Latin vivus &#x2013; alive, characterising reactions or processes that take place in the living organism under physiological conditions.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5ecf8b06892949acbb6fd2086b49fd69\"><span itemprop=\"name\">inert<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">chemicals or materials, which are chemically inactive and are stable over long periods in the environment<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_15f3295e0487b3d3caadfbdae8ed0777\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Inflammation<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Typical response of animal tissues to potentially damaging stimuli e.g. by physical stimuli (pressure), chemical stimuli (heat or cold), or by micro-organisms (viruses, bacteria), with the function to remove this stimulus and to prevent its spread. Some technical nanoparticles are suspected to(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_ff0a2c2b59512ac2f6c45bd3d4da39fe\"><span itemprop=\"name\">inflammatory<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Typical response of animal tissues to potentially damaging stimuli e.g. by physical stimuli (pressure), chemical stimuli (heat or cold), or by micro-organisms (viruses, bacteria), with the function to remove this stimulus and to prevent its spread. Some technical nanoparticles are suspected to(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_b47d6f52204386a685ed07abd6489b4d\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Instillation<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Administration of (particle-)suspensions into visceral cavities or hollow organs (e.g. nose, throat) of an organism.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_159fd610556698e89dd33c1db209fd4f\"><span itemprop=\"name\">intravenous<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Describes the direct administration of a drug, liquid solution or suspension into a venous blood vessel.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_c55814642c0e780efcf4c8acb1b6e1ad\"><span itemprop=\"name\">intravenously<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Describes the direct administration of a drug, liquid solution or suspension into a venous blood vessel.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_e1b49e7952551f76b6146ca063c0dc29\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Isoelectric point<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Abbreviation <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_e1b49e7952551f76b6146ca063c0dc29\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>IEP<\/span>, also pI or point of zero charge, is an important parameter for assessing the behaviour of nanoparticles in aqueous surroundings. The IEP is the <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_2fe0cc06152760d1b33af3aa39796bfb\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>pH<\/span> of an aqueous suspension, where the positive and negative charges on the particle surfaces are balanced. The IEP for each(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_c9d25018850d6679827a5973340cf88c\"><span itemprop=\"name\">IEP<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Abbreviation IEP, also pI or point of zero charge, is an important parameter for assessing the behaviour of nanoparticles in aqueous surroundings. The IEP is the pH of an aqueous suspension, where the positive and negative charges on the particle surfaces are balanced. The IEP for each(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_a00924ad207c6cf318efc65dc48f8292\"><span itemprop=\"name\">landfilling<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Dedicated use of land for disposing waste in an engineered facility.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_bfdb4d8606f3b8b341b67e261d0c36b1\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Lavage<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">French, from latin lavare - to wash. Medical procedure. Irrigation or washing out of a hollow organ or cavity, such as the stomach intestine or the lung.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_928c48b9aa7a0032a0f7f60b734dede4\"><span itemprop=\"name\">LC50<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for lethal concentration, concentration of a substance leading to the death of 50% of the exposed organisms.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5f9006e579778d990ff7b77f3fcbaada\"><span itemprop=\"name\">LD50<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for lethal dose. Concentration of a substance that leads to death of 50% of the organisms exposed to it.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_1f5046601fc4895cb0e9a88578491fbb\"><span itemprop=\"name\">leachate<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">In <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_a00924ad207c6cf318efc65dc48f8292\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">landfills<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_1f5046601fc4895cb0e9a88578491fbb\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">leachate<\/span> is produced by the infiltrating rain that seeps through the waste. Leachate contains extracted solutes, suspended solids and any other component of the material that are transferred from the solid phase to the liquid phase.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_cedf31479eda3e24b91afd31444bd630\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Life Cycle Assessment<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_cedf31479eda3e24b91afd31444bd630\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>LCA<\/span>. Systematic analysis of the environmental impacts of products throughout the life cycle (&quot;cradle-to-grave&quot;).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_ff81b4a9126fd33b19eaff10cea11940\"><span itemprop=\"name\">LCA<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short LCA. Systematic analysis of the environmental impacts of products throughout the life cycle (&quot;cradle-to-grave&quot;).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_73358601e9c33a20439d382904722ebd\"><span itemprop=\"name\">lipophilic<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek lipos - fat and philia - love: fat-loving having, an affinity to fat and high lipid solubility.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_9bb5b7194fffe259d1f3b10cfc1e35c3\"><span itemprop=\"name\">lipophobic<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek lipos - fat and phobos - fear: avoiding fat, having a low affinity to fat and a high affinity to water.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_e34428cb51a8f5b74a64f81fad1dd626\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Liposome<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Derived from the Greek terms l&#xED;pos = fat and s&#x14D;ma = body; synonyms are lipid vesicles or fat globules. They can be found naturally in cells or synthetically produced as spherical structures (diameters from 25 nanometers to 1 micron). They function as drug carriers which in turn are selectively(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_402b602c6d2a764b5adfcbe6494b05ed\"><span itemprop=\"name\">LOEL<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for Lowest observed effect level.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_81dbbdcba5142c9a67bba4986fac9f46\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Lysosome<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Tiny cell organelles surrounded by a membrane. The main function is to digest and break down foreign substances or substances produced by the body using enzymes they contain. Lysosomes have a very acidic environment. Certain metallic or metal oxide particles dissolve in this environment and(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_2f2a9399a2d71a4eceda86531fffe39f\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Macrophage<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek makros - large and phagein - eat. Big eaters, cells of the immune system serve to eliminate microorganisms or particles by phagocytosis; especially in areas of inflammation.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_890a01959eaa663e0241060e8f050e1f\"><span itemprop=\"name\">scavenger cells<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek makros - large and phagein - eat. Big eaters, cells of the immune system serve to eliminate microorganisms or particles by phagocytosis; especially in areas of inflammation.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d2114d3c2d81167116e17039c00f7144\"><span itemprop=\"name\">MBBT<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">short for chem. Methylene-bis-Benzotriazolyltetramethylbutylphenol, is a yellowish organic solid and practically insoluble in water. The nanomaterial has been approved in the EU as a broadband UV filter in cosmetic products. It forms a protective film on the upper skin layer and scatters(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_10a264e0a3ce4229d4efd25bef89cc48\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Mesothelioma<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">is a rare cancer of the connective tissue, e.g. of the pleura. Since these tumours are often associated with an ingestion of asbestos, this disease is also called asbestosis. The time from ingestion to the appearance of the tumour can be over 40 years. This is also the reason why deaths from(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_89b24ff866c75629a3ba323ae4a14964\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Microinjection<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Describes a transfection method where microscopically small substances such as antibodies, organelles or DNA are injected in very small amounts in a single cell using a very fine glass micropipette. This procedure is normally performed using a specialised microscope setup, a so-called(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_4f7397be2d7c1e05b5666922f6512749\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Micron<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The term &quot;micro&quot; comes from the Greek word mikr&oacute;s = small. Abbreviation = &micro;m. 1&nbsp;&micro;m is one thousandth of a millimeter or one millionth of a meter, or 1\/1.000,000 or 1\/1 million m.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3117bbbb354d7f69143abe828bbd861a\"><span itemprop=\"name\">micrometer<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The term &quot;micro&quot; comes from the Greek word mikr&oacute;s = small. Abbreviation = &micro;m. 1&nbsp;&micro;m is one thousandth of a millimeter or one millionth of a meter, or 1\/1.000,000 or 1\/1 million m.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d417192a2af0d92a7f4b8566559b86c0\"><span itemprop=\"name\">&#xB5;m<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The term &quot;micro&quot; comes from the Greek word mikr&oacute;s = small. Abbreviation = &micro;m. 1&nbsp;&micro;m is one thousandth of a millimeter or one millionth of a meter, or 1\/1.000,000 or 1\/1 million m.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_276d5428b97175a82d5520db5fb18c47\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Modelling<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Is the simulation of different processes (biochemical processes in cells, material flows of nanoparticles in ecosystems) using especially developed computer programs. By changing relevant parameters of a process, <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_276d5428b97175a82d5520db5fb18c47\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">modelling<\/span> allows predictions and saves laborious experiments.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_ad14fd56ddc1b973b28522155f5652c9\"><span itemprop=\"name\">exposure modelling<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Is the simulation of different processes (biochemical processes in cells, material flows of nanoparticles in ecosystems) using especially developed computer programs. By changing relevant parameters of a process, modelling allows predictions and saves laborious experiments.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3a0e3f839160d658e00ba3d41c631ae5\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Monomer<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">from ancient Greek: m&oacute;nos - alone or single, and -mer - part. A <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3a0e3f839160d658e00ba3d41c631ae5\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>monomer<\/span> is a small building block that can react with other equivalent building blocks to form a large chain, linear or branched, known as a polymer.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_e05862ead3b7934f68b9ebc6f91dbdfe\"><span itemprop=\"name\">MTT assay<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Abbreviation for the dye compound 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidefor. Measuring the functionality of animal and human cells. Colorimetric assay for measuring the activity of enzymes that reduce MTT or close dyes.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_499cd55c26043794b94697e17d026fe2\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Mucociliary clearance<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Describes the self-cleaning mechanism of the bronchi during which mucus and other materials are removed from the airways by the cilia of the epithelial cells.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_b57ee859752329b8579681ba4c8b00d4\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Mutagenicity<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Describes the capacity of certain chemicals or high energy radiation to cause changes in the genetic material (DNA), known as mutations.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f38d0fc6dc3270db32f7d3f13ff343bc\"><span itemprop=\"name\">mutagenic<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Describes the capacity of certain chemicals or high energy radiation to cause changes in the genetic material (DNA), known as mutations.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_747d2264460c737d285010cd92dbffc1\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Nanocomposite<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Also referred to as hybrid materials, are materials (often polymers) that contain well-distributed nanoparticles or other nanostructures (e.g. nanopores). However, one also speaks of nanocomposites when different nanoparticles together form a &quot;nanogranular&quot; material.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f1b8627c02c06ff4717f4c1c5925a15e\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Nanoemulsion<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin ex and mulg&#x113;re - milked out (milk is a well-known emulsion). Finely distributed mixture of two normally immiscible liquids (e.g. water and oil) with no visible segregation. If the droplets are <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3ddd56a982b62f20c8279dbc63e14262\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nanoscale<\/span>, this is called a <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f1b8627c02c06ff4717f4c1c5925a15e\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nanoemulsion<\/span>.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5335668ebd2e4be956377c4e05e57687\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Nanofertilisers<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Is the transformed formulation of conventional fertilizer using nanotechnology. Nanoscale or nanostructured materials act as fertilizer carriers to enable controlled-release, enhanced solubility and enhanced nutrient use efficiency. In contrast to the convential fertilizer the soil impact is(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_93b687dc268d7753e9849da3f335e448\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Nanofibre<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Nano-object with two similar external dimensions in the nanoscale and a third significantly larger.&#13;\nSee also ISO\/TS 80004-2:2015, International Organization for Standardization<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_b9e9395286233f41aea957abe9492004\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Nanomaterial<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The European Commission updated the common definition of the term &quot;nanomaterial&quot; in 2022:\n\n&lsquo;Nanomaterial&rsquo; means a natural, incidental or manufactured material consisting of solid particles that are present, either on their own or as identifiable constituent particles in aggregates or(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5b2fd8161c6fc3619afcfb9fcf641fb8\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Nanometer<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The term &quot;nano&quot; is derived from the Greek word nanos, dwarf. Abbreviation nm. A nm is one millionth of a millimeter or 1\/1.000,000,000 (1\/1 billion) of a meter.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_fdb6930623246852d8a7df063c1cfe62\"><span itemprop=\"name\">nm<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The term &quot;nano&quot; is derived from the Greek word nanos, dwarf. Abbreviation nm. A nm is one millionth of a millimeter or 1\/1.000,000,000 (1\/1 billion) of a meter.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_29c3da5854402e21021dacb1ce42cd8e\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Nanoobject<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale. This is a generic term for all nanoscale objects.&#13;\nSee also ISO\/TS 80004-2:2015, International Organization for Standardization<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_29fd131a0d512eb1f0aa4ee91141bd26\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Nanoparticle<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Nano-object with all three external dimensions in the nanoscale.&#13;\nSee also ISO\/TS 80004-2:2015, International Organization for Standardization<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_a03f8e9c1329e39bb0046890e629b7dc\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Nanoplate<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Nano-object with one external dimension in the nanoscale and two other external dimensions significantly larger. See also ISO\/TS 80004-2:2015 International Organization for Standardization<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_63ed0a8dece4a764e35a74039864714a\"><span itemprop=\"name\">nanoplatelets  nanoplatelet<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Nano-object with one external dimension in the nanoscale and two other external dimensions significantly larger. See also ISO\/TS 80004-2:2015 International Organization for Standardization<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3ddd56a982b62f20c8279dbc63e14262\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Nanoscale<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Size range from approximately 1 nm to 100 nm.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d3d6a3d6730d861be17820ae6b71d477\"><span itemprop=\"name\">nanoscale<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">ranging in size from 1 to 100 nanometers<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_7e01cb1a731df4cb4d01a724e5efd636\"><span itemprop=\"name\">nanowaste<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Separately collected or collectable waste materials which are or contain engineered nanomaterials.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3f0269b22b0f8a04324f93d6e33ee708\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Natural organic matter<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">A group of compounds derived from the decay of dead plants and animals. <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3f0269b22b0f8a04324f93d6e33ee708\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Natural organic matter<\/span> is present throughout the ecosystem.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_644dda1e50f958bc1fc264d1efb642ab\"><span itemprop=\"name\">natural organic material<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">A group of compounds derived from the decay of dead plants and animals. Natural organic matter is present throughout the ecosystem.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_73c31953397cf4aa98b0bf611b1ba876\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Necrosis<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek n&#xE9;krosis - dead. Unplanned cell death, such as through injury. In this case, the cell contents are released, which damage the environment and cause inflammation. <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_73c31953397cf4aa98b0bf611b1ba876\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Necrosis<\/span> always means danger for the body.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_4f3e6bda6172b0868c4d663970157550\"><span itemprop=\"name\">necrotic<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek n&#xE9;krosis - dead. Unplanned cell death, such as through injury. In this case, the cell contents are released, which damage the environment and cause inflammation. Necrosis always means danger for the body.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_abc62f2515ac8f41c09beb3c3b86653e\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NO(A)EL<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for no observed (adverse) effect level.&#13;\n<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_459728109d853708d12559b78741313c\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NOEL<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for no observed (adverse) effect level.&#13;\n<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_9dd49fabe69371e836446cf3914bda81\"><span itemprop=\"name\">NOEC<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for no observed effect concentration.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_ba14d08918c6a1bda1ecd47999d2f947\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Noxa<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_ba14d08918c6a1bda1ecd47999d2f947\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>noxa<\/span> &ndash; damage, every harmful effect on man and\/or environment.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_0987e2e3b8e96f147ef1a544c69b5318\"><span itemprop=\"name\">OECD<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Acronym for Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The mission of the organisation is to promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world.\n\nSee also: http:\/\/www.<span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_0987e2e3b8e96f147ef1a544c69b5318\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>oecd<\/span>.org\/<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_914d85e4e91ae7486fe0a68b233b5bbc\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Organelle<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Refers to functional systems within a (eukaryotic) cell, which are enclosed by a lipid membrane, e.g. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, the nucleus, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes or the endoplasmic reticulum.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3827b01b9412fc578074914ba681800f\"><span itemprop=\"name\">organelles<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Refers to functional systems within a (eukaryotic) cell, which are enclosed by a lipid membrane, e.g. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, the nucleus, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes or the endoplasmic reticulum.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_058dbc293bad5483a9dbfd85dd36f97b\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Oxidative Stress<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Results from an imbalance between the intracellular production of free radicals and the cellular defense mechanisms. The balance between oxidants and antioxidants may be disturbed by the increase in free radicals or the reduction of <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_87c426e5887593493574da617dde86da\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">antioxidant<\/span> substances. <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_058dbc293bad5483a9dbfd85dd36f97b\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Oxidative stress<\/span> may cause(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_59030aa71a667d802f1435a0f189bffb\"><span itemprop=\"name\">particulate matter<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Is divided into several subgroups according to particle size. PM10 covers all particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometre and less followed by PM2.5 for all particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2,5 micrometre and less and ultrafine particles with an(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_23cbe9ed047798d9346292baa1e49c64\"><span itemprop=\"name\">PM<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Is divided into several subgroups according to particle size. PM10 covers all particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometre and less followed by PM2.5 for all particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2,5 micrometre and less and ultrafine particles with an(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5508f11a0ec60ae0c9bdf41fa43170f6\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Pathogen<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek pathos - suffering and genesis - origin, a disease causing. All substances or organisms that can cause a disease are summarised as pathogens.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3fe09fb9db1e4a0d6db317df3f76cf25\"><span itemprop=\"name\">pathogenic<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek pathos - suffering and genesis - origin, a disease causing. All substances or organisms that can cause a disease are summarised as pathogens.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d235f47fbcdb4bf133ad2cc7399a9b0c\"><span itemprop=\"name\">PEC<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d235f47fbcdb4bf133ad2cc7399a9b0c\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">predicted environmental concentration<\/span>, is a theoretical value giving an indication of the expected concentration of a material (e.g. nanoparticles) in the environment (exposure assessment). The calculation takes into account the amount initially present (or added to) the environment,(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5f3c09f1a98157b21a6b0d74c5b531d5\"><span itemprop=\"name\">predicted environmental concentration<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for predicted environmental concentration, is a theoretical value giving an indication of the expected concentration of a material (e.g. nanoparticles) in the environment (exposure assessment). The calculation takes into account the amount initially present (or added to) the environment,(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_455773cc00cbf160d90e2466dbb20d12\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Peptide<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Refers to a molecule that is composed of 2 or more amino acids linked by <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_455773cc00cbf160d90e2466dbb20d12\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>peptide<\/span> bonds (chemical bond between carboxyl and amino group of two adjacent amino acids).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_18b065f8350f932cacfe0d24a5b6b722\"><span itemprop=\"name\">perfusion model<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Refers to an isolated organ (e.g. liver or placenta) that is perfused in the laboratory with a nutrient solution instead of blood and can thus be kept alive for several hours to days for experiments. These organs come from organ donations, which must always be released by the donor with his(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_a42a7680091601afbe55eaad967969c2\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Persistence<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">In biology and environmental chemistry, the term &#x201C;<span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_a42a7680091601afbe55eaad967969c2\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">persistence<\/span>&#x201D; denotes the property of substances to persist in the environment over long periods of time while remaining unchanged by physical, chemical or biological processes.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_e6888cf7f8ef072bc513c9dc9e095782\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Pesticide<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin pestis - plague and caedere - kill. Man-made chemical substances used to kill, displace or inhibit reproduction of organisms regarded as annoying or harmful. Generic term for all plant protection products and substances for <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_e6888cf7f8ef072bc513c9dc9e095782\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pest control<\/span>.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d457341bfa4e0d5e0010b67f60b5284b\"><span itemprop=\"name\">plant protection product<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin pestis - plague and caedere - kill. Man-made chemical substances used to kill, displace or inhibit reproduction of organisms regarded as annoying or harmful. Generic term for all plant protection products and substances for pest control.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_486123db518294ed5bfde6d52d89f6ae\"><span itemprop=\"name\">pest control<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin pestis - plague and caedere - kill. Man-made chemical substances used to kill, displace or inhibit reproduction of organisms regarded as annoying or harmful. Generic term for all plant protection products and substances for pest control.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_2fe0cc06152760d1b33af3aa39796bfb\"><span itemprop=\"name\">pH<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin, short for pondus\/potentia hydrogenii - weight\/power of hydrogen. Dimensionless measure of the acidic or alkaline (basic) reaction of an aqueous solution. The pH of a <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_29fd131a0d512eb1f0aa4ee91141bd26\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">nanoparticle<\/span> suspension affects the behaviour of particles in the solution (agglomeration, solubility, suspensibility).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_e74b6dae0820cc9d6a6b133aacb5f233\"><span itemprop=\"name\">pH-value<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin, short for pondus\/potentia hydrogenii - weight\/power of hydrogen. Dimensionless measure of the acidic or alkaline (basic) reaction of an aqueous solution. The pH of a nanoparticle suspension affects the behaviour of particles in the solution (agglomeration, solubility, suspensibility).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_305e5a214a1dea1f714704c1f127a61c\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Phagocytosis<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek phagein - to eat. Mechanism of uptake from particles to small cells in a single eukaryotic cell. Usually, particles are taken up by the cells as membrane-bound aggregates, i.e. large aggregates in vesicles, vacuoles or lamellar bodies (cell compartments surrounded by membranes) through(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_8cff53b3a623c668f8a0af7f66e9ca09\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Photocatalytic activity<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Ability of some nano materials (e.g. TiO2) to speed up a certain reaction (&quot;photoreaction&quot;) as a catalyst in combination with light (sunlight, ultraviolet light). In the case of TiO2, for example, influenced by sunlight radicals (see also <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_509cb3506b50ce9dd881baa3ed84432c\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>ROS<\/span>) are formed, which decompose organic materials.(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_4eee62baa3e17411c9bbd53ef2054d8d\"><span itemprop=\"name\">photocatalytic effect<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Ability of some nano materials (e.g. TiO2) to speed up a certain reaction (&quot;photoreaction&quot;) as a catalyst in combination with light (sunlight, ultraviolet light). In the case of TiO2, for example, influenced by sunlight radicals (see also ROS) are formed, which decompose organic materials.(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_bcced8d3eae0a24796fc61008e0e745f\"><span itemprop=\"name\">photocatalytic action<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Ability of some nano materials (e.g. TiO2) to speed up a certain reaction (&quot;photoreaction&quot;) as a catalyst in combination with light (sunlight, ultraviolet light). In the case of TiO2, for example, influenced by sunlight radicals (see also ROS) are formed, which decompose organic materials.(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_e512fb5024deb99ca8aaa0b75a24b97f\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Pinocytosis<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Is the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_c7b4fcbd4c0c93c8bbf3fab0e6897478\"><span itemprop=\"name\">PNEC<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for predicted no effect concentration, predicted concentration of a hazardous substance in the environment, which shows no impact on the environment (effect assessment). If this concentration is thus below the <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_c7b4fcbd4c0c93c8bbf3fab0e6897478\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>PNEC<\/span>, it should not have any negative effects. PNECs find application(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_2706a51800f77bfd50ab5f7524364998\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ppm<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">English abbreviation for parts per million = 10-6<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_c50acc16a0176b99c95c5d81de951110\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Primary particles<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Nanoparticles, which can affiliate to a bigger linked system (agglomerate, aggregate).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f1d5ef634caa7403dd02b22f209444db\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Quantum dot<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Crystaline nanoparticle that exhibits size-dependent properties due to quantum confinement effects on the electronic states.&#13;\nSee also ISO\/TS 27687:2008 (E), International Organization for Standardization<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d70f62e1135be290d65011a21676de9e\"><span itemprop=\"name\">quaternary ammonium compounds<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">nitrogen compounds with four organic moieties bound to the nitrogen atom leading to a positive charge of the molecule<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_dbe2b2381e1b342b6f46ca2c16b9f40e\"><span itemprop=\"name\">read-across<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for reactive oxygen species, the organism considering harmful forms of oxygen, which result from oxidative stress.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_a0172506e0c4342be4ea753a5b44c2c8\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Reflectivity<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">describes how well a surface reflects light.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_0ed2b5538bbcae8e24ee8870f6d524f6\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Retention<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">lat. retentio &#x2018;to hold back&#x2019;, in medicine generally refers to the <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_0ed2b5538bbcae8e24ee8870f6d524f6\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">retention<\/span> of certain substances or liquids.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_383973c26f01dcdef4a9bb49eccfd01e\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Risk quotient<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Is calculated from an estimated exposure (PEC), divided by an estimated effect (PNEC). If a value less than 1, then there is an acceptable risk. In contrast, if the RQ greater than 1, there is an unacceptable level of risk and measures to reduce exposure should be taken.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d79cd7ed77634341095eb85f3d18beba\"><span itemprop=\"name\">risk ratio<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Is calculated from an estimated exposure (PEC), divided by an estimated effect (PNEC). If a value less than 1, then there is an acceptable risk. In contrast, if the RQ greater than 1, there is an unacceptable level of risk and measures to reduce exposure should be taken.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_509cb3506b50ce9dd881baa3ed84432c\"><span itemprop=\"name\">ROS<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for reactive oxygen species, the organism considering harmful forms of oxygen, which result from oxidative stress.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_acc0fe8e34108151bb40dcf610f5068f\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Secretion<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin secernere - segregate. Release of important substances for the organism (for example hormones, digestive enzymes) by specialised cells, especially glandular cells. The substances themselves are called secretions<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_6904d6a38967e24f812a72b998572f37\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Sediments (natural)<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Caused by <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_53969eeb55d73561d535bbcb1399ca20\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">deposition<\/span> or settling of particles (e.g. sand, suspended solids or organic remains) on land or in waters under the influence of cold, wind and water.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f4ad93860bda6e37751c33f7f03d911c\"><span itemprop=\"name\">SEM<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Abbreviation for Scanning Electron Microscope. A device to study smallest samples by scanning the object using electron beams. The resulting images are detailed illustrations of the object surfaces and have a great depth of field.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3c7086d02f6140dd3266632e67313323\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Sintering<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Technical process, in which granular or powdery materials are mixed and then connected to each other by heating. They are baked together (similar to the burning clay or porcelain). The substances are heated to temperatures which are below the melting temperatures of the substance or at least(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_64791734773abb679ff290c71ae3408d\"><span itemprop=\"name\">smart textiles<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Also called <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_64791734773abb679ff290c71ae3408d\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intelligent textiles<\/span>. They are able to sense stimuli from the environment, to react to them and adapt to them by integration of functionalities in the textile structure. The stimulus and response can have an electrical, thermal, chemical, magnetic or other origin.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_09edf6fba702de060bcf50b9dba25e49\"><span itemprop=\"name\">intelligent textiles<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Also called intelligent textiles. They are able to sense stimuli from the environment, to react to them and adapt to them by integration of functionalities in the textile structure. The stimulus and response can have an electrical, thermal, chemical, magnetic or other origin.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_407f97c4e56c9b535c9ba437bd52b986\"><span itemprop=\"name\">wearables<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Also called intelligent textiles. They are able to sense stimuli from the environment, to react to them and adapt to them by integration of functionalities in the textile structure. The stimulus and response can have an electrical, thermal, chemical, magnetic or other origin.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_3f02e12ef126d44580357f4433aa03c8\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Solubility<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The solubility of a substance indicates whether and to what extent a substance in a solvent (usually a liquid) can be solved. It describes the property of a substance to be evenly mixed with the solvent. Inorganic nanoparticles (mostly metals and metal oxides) decompose into ions. The(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_532ce2082c9b05164c156366a90ca846\"><span itemprop=\"name\">dissolution<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The solubility of a substance indicates whether and to what extent a substance in a solvent (usually a liquid) can be solved. It describes the property of a substance to be evenly mixed with the solvent. Inorganic nanoparticles (mostly metals and metal oxides) decompose into ions. The(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f19c7bb4f982428ca0a61040d98776af\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Stabilisation<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Auxiliary substances that contribute significantly to obtaining or maintaining a stable condition. This can for example be a certain particle size (preventing the agglomeration), or composition. Commonly used <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f19c7bb4f982428ca0a61040d98776af\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">stabilising agents<\/span> for nanomaterials include citrate, phosphates, or polymers such as(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_62aaa926e0de4a558e670370606a68ad\"><span itemprop=\"name\">stabilization<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Auxiliary substances that contribute significantly to obtaining or maintaining a stable condition. This can for example be a certain particle size (preventing the agglomeration), or composition. Commonly used stabilising agents for nanomaterials include citrate, phosphates, or polymers such as(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_9bc8555fb3d9535632a7bf6b99946f27\"><span itemprop=\"name\">stabilizing agents<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Auxiliary substances that contribute significantly to obtaining or maintaining a stable condition. This can for example be a certain particle size (preventing the agglomeration), or composition. Commonly used stabilising agents for nanomaterials include citrate, phosphates, or polymers such as(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f56969154da9b30e317eeb447a142fcf\"><span itemprop=\"name\">stabilising agents<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Auxiliary substances that contribute significantly to obtaining or maintaining a stable condition. This can for example be a certain particle size (preventing the agglomeration), or composition. Commonly used stabilising agents for nanomaterials include citrate, phosphates, or polymers such as(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_32f538607acf1f47950a00c971bf6462\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Subacute<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Refers to a course or effect, which is located between <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_93be66cbd5f71123f8da06a7a42c7627\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>acute<\/span> and chronic, e.g. a less intense course, in time neither fast nor slow running.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_c1f115374741c2ff4d5b7d50d02632a3\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Surface charge<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Is the electric charge present at the interface of the nanoparticle surface with a polar fluid such as water. The water contains positive and negative ions, which interact with the particle surface. If the number of adsorbed e.g. positive ions exceeds the number of negative ions, surface(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_c84d60fcbd0cae6757bedd77b7844821\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Surface defects<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">are gaps in an otherwise regular arrangement of atoms. These vacancies are responsible for exceptional properties of some nanomaterials such as high reactivity. In many cases, however, surface effects are undesirable and covered by surface coatings.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_439563b6b04a646cc54082ee567f43a1\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Surface modification<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Are chemical changes on the surfaces of nanomaterials, which are commonly employed to impart certain improved properties to the surface of nanomaterials, e.g. improved solubility, resistance to UV light or scratch resistance.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_be225c81d40b781f9a2e510b3431ffc6\"><span itemprop=\"name\">systemic<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">&quot;Concerning a system of organs&quot; or &quot;concerning the whole organism&quot;.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_0866857ce6d178b0c02d121bdfde17e8\"><span itemprop=\"name\">TBPT<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">chem. Tris-Biphenyl-Triazine, is a colorless organic solid and practically insoluble in water. The nanomaterial has been approved in the EUas a broadband UV filter in cosmetic products . It forms a protective film on the upper skin layer and scatters, reflects and absorbs the UV rays of the(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5d5f11b803aeafb5b36ca8075200b058\"><span itemprop=\"name\">TEM<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Abbreviation for Transmission <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_a74c6713fadb34aeb69a3b129cc810cf\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">electron microscopy<\/span>. A device to study smallest samples by shining electron beams through the object. To allow the electron beam to pass through the object, it has to be very thin.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_42054ae42db6de21c21fca3edfd16799\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Tensile strength<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Denotes in the science of strength of materials the maximum force per original cross-sectional area (stress) that a sample can tolerate before it breaks. It is determined by a tensile test. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tensile_testing<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_6921b7f58c1a8c9b727ab7cfd637fbe2\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Tight Junctions<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The biological term describes the extremely close connection of adjacent cells.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_7e6d3d6782d354b7a2780b517d135102\"><span itemprop=\"name\">TLV<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Short for&#xA0;threshold limit value.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_9d35b35ad9909e10d9c47a33b8dceae8\"><span itemprop=\"name\">top-down<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Literal meaning &#x201E;from top to bottom&#x201C;. Production process starting from large units and proceeding with comminution (for example, cutting or grinding).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_cc620b51ff25781d3b94409bfe1fb7a5\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Toxicity<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Refers to the hazardous potential of a substance. Hence, to develop adverse reactions in cells and living organisms, and to compromise functionality, which can lead to the death of an organism. It can be distinguished as direct and indirect toxicity. In the first case the toxicity of the(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_4844c8b8e4a0f0b599d01230c50fed4d\"><span itemprop=\"name\">toxic<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Refers to the hazardous potential of a substance. Hence, to develop adverse reactions in cells and living organisms, and to compromise functionality, which can lead to the death of an organism. It can be distinguished as direct and indirect toxicity. In the first case the toxicity of the(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_f579a56602b43380fceccc41ddb904ae\"><span itemprop=\"name\">cytotoxic<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Refers to the hazardous potential of a substance. Hence, to develop adverse reactions in cells and living organisms, and to compromise functionality, which can lead to the death of an organism. It can be distinguished as direct and indirect toxicity. In the first case the toxicity of the(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_dc606f1af1af41ffeea7665ed0a7b846\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Toxicology<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Greek words &#x3C4;&#x3BF;&#x3BE;&#x3B9;&#x3BA;&#x3CC;&#x3C2; - toxicos - poisonous and logos - study of the adverse effects of poison<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_684cd436210636b17b44bafe8dfd2ea8\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Transmutation<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Processes, in which one chemical element is transformed into another.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_b27e5af60114e7ee49f514b8189130b4\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Van-der-Waals-Forces<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Weak non-covalent interactions between atoms and molecules.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_e0e72378c7acd3f3fcd97efbdb6c83d5\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Van-der-Waals<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Weak non-covalent interactions between atoms and molecules.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_5208de4c2e6d9d9d95b6d0c93f389004\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Vesicle<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin vesicula &#x2013; small bubble. Round or oval compartments that are approximately 100 nm in diameter. Vesicles are located in the cells and are surrounded by separating layers (membranes).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_709fab5b3ceed4ac9d1d42ae1e598efc\"><span itemprop=\"name\">vesicular<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Latin vesicula &#x2013; small bubble. Round or oval compartments that are approximately 100 nm in diameter. Vesicles are located in the cells and are surrounded by separating layers (membranes).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_ba2d90ff06f423d36c620b4f56d077a2\"><span itemprop=\"name\">waste management<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Set of activities aiming at prevention, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_091f750cf7eb302ed45485290c6a50d0\"><span itemprop=\"name\">wet-chemical processes<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Are chemical reactions that are carried out in a solvent (not necessarily water).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_54fe5700de262ed82ae938a2f00b2b71\"><span itemprop=\"name\">wet-chemical process<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Are chemical reactions that are carried out in a solvent (not necessarily water).<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_d9f523a86121fec8214f7156a70d2b84\"><span itemprop=\"name\">WHO fibers<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">The World Health Organization (WHO) characterised the properties of bio persistent fibers. This refers to inorganic fiber dusts (except asbestos fibers) with a length &gt; 5 microns, a diameter  3:1.<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_b64fb14cce0fe0ef61f4c27adae9d8ae\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Zeta potential<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Also &#x3B6;-potential, is the electrical potential at the contact layer of a moving particle with an aqueous solution (suspension). Thus, within the same suspensions, it is a relative measure of the surface potential and thus the charge of the particle. For the measurement of the <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_b64fb14cce0fe0ef61f4c27adae9d8ae\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">zeta potential<\/span>,(...)<\/dfn><\/li><li class=\"\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DefinedTerm\"><span role=\"term\" class=\"glossaryLink glossary-link-title \" style=\"\" itemprop=\"url\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"cmtt_0e497f7fdba6f672673b092175cb6f19\"><span itemprop=\"name\">&#x3B6;-potential<\/span><\/span><dfn class=\"glossary_itemdesc\" role=\"definition\" itemprop=\"description\">Also &#x3B6;-potential, is the electrical potential at the contact layer of a moving particle with an aqueous solution (suspension). Thus, within the same suspensions, it is a relative measure of the surface potential and thus the charge of the particle. For the measurement of the zeta potential,(...)<\/dfn><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12155","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Glossary - MANTRA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/materialneutral.info\/en\/glossary\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glossary - MANTRA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/materialneutral.info\/en\/glossary\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MANTRA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-17T12:03:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/materialneutral.info\\\/en\\\/glossary\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/materialneutral.info\\\/en\\\/glossary\\\/\",\"name\":\"Glossary - 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